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Decarbonising urban transport is a big step towards a model that is more respectful to the planet and to the health of all those who live on it. But how can we speed up this transformation? First, by making public transport more attractive and by joining it up with more flexible door-to-door mobility solutions. Then, by developing more environmentally friendly transport modes. Finally, by anticipating the issue of transport infrastructure and sustainable mobility in future developments. This is the challenge with the Bus 2025 plan in the Île-de-France region, with the tram in Florence and the 100% electric minibuses for people with reduced mobility in La Roche-Sur-Yon.
Our transport modes still have a heavy carbon footprint and have a major impact on climate change and urban pollution. RATP Group is a committed operator and partner in the implementation of the energy transition in cities around the world. In the Île-de-France region, Brest and Orléans, we are helping bus fleets switch over to electricity. In Roche-sur-Yon and Annemasse we are using a smartphone app to ensure residents can access a multimodal offer. In Tucson, Florence and Casablanca we are using the tram to reconcile citizens’ mobility needs with environmental protection.
Our commitment to the energy transition has been quantified, and cuts across all our businesses.
We have been on the road to energy conservation since 2006, and we took a decisive step in 2015 when we set quantifiable targets as part of the Défis 2025 (‘2025 Challenges’) strategic plan. We have committed to reducing energy consumption by 20% per passenger-kilometre over 10 years within our historic perimeter of Paris and the inner suburbs, and to halve our GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, an initiative which was backed up by an energy management plan in 2017.
We are the first multimodal operator in the world to obtain ISO 50 001 certification.
Our very first commitment is to offer a quality service to make public transport attractive and reduce the number of individual vehicles on the road. We have also launched a flagship project with IDFM to switch the Île-de-France bus fleet to electric and CNG (compressed natural gas) power, as buses emit more CO2 than the other modes we operate. We are using managerial approaches as well as digital monitoring and steering tools to roll out this initiative.
All cities are faced with the same challenges: to offer an attractive public transport system, which is as environmentally friendly as possible and to bolster the system using often electric and shared solutions to provide “door-to-door” mobility. We are investing in start-ups that are developing this type of solution, and are committed to the “digital layer” to support this new multimodality. Finally, our Group also manages infrastructure and is an expert in the integration of transport infrastructure in dense urban areas. We demonstrated this in Paris with our former bus depots, which have become the heart of the latest generation of mixed-use properties, and we are already thinking about the next phase with mobility hub projects.
Buses account for 69% of greenhouse gas emissions in terms of RATP energy consumption. In order to reduce this footprint, the Group launched a transformation programme in the Île-de-France region with Île-de-France Mobilités that is unique in Europe: the Bus 2025 programme. The aim of Bus 2025 is to renew the fleet of 4,700 buses and convert 23 depots to achieve a 100% clean, 50% electric-powered/50% bio-CNG-powered fleet by 2025.
This is a public health issue, an industrial issue and a project that will make the Île-de-France region a major attractive and ecological metropolis.
A bus network must be designed from the outset to adapt to future developments. In the event of conversion to clean energies, the technical decisions have a definite impact on the operation of the routes in the future. The conversion to electric power is simpler, but natural gas is more suitable for peripheral routes that require a high level of autonomy: buses with minimal autonomy waste time during the recharging process at the terminus, which means more buses and drivers are needed to provide the service.
We want to optimise our bus depots in the city centre, which also means creating very comprehensive urban programmes around them. This is sustainable innovation.
The model selected by RATP to charge its electric buses in the context of Bus 2025 is overnight charging in bus depots. This allows to adapt most effectively to the electricity network, in particular outside peak hours. Enedis must ultimately deliver power of up to 10 MW plus 10 MW of reserve power, which will charge 200 buses per depot.
Our partnership has enabled us to build an optimised solution together, thereby reducing costs and connection times by 49% for RATP.
The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, would like to make the centre of the British capital an ultra-low emission zone. The transport authority, Transport for London (TfL), is therefore aiming for a 100% clean bus fleet by 2037. RATP Dev has converted part of TfL’s Shepherd’s Bush bus depot to accommodate electric buses on lines C1, 70 and 94, including electric double-decker buses, which are still rare in London. All the buses in the depot will eventually be 100% electric.
This transition poses major industrial challenges: in France, the RATP/IDFM order has provided a stimulus to the sector where Chinese manufacturers dominate the market.
Originally designed for cars to drive about, our cities today are largely dependent on this polluting and space-consuming transport mode. However, this trend is reversing. The environmental aspect is now one of the major choice criteria for elected officials and transport authorities, and the mobility offer is being restructured to ensure cities are cleaner and more pleasant places to live.
RATP Group is committed to the energy transition, and is rolling out a wide range of environmentally friendly transport modes and solutions. A world leader in driverless metro systems, we are developing this mode which reduces energy consumption by optimising acceleration and braking phases as demonstrated in Paris on lines 1 and 14. We create and operate tram lines in the heart of urban centres to provide a transport mode that is respectful of the city. We are establishing partnerships with Cityscoot (self-service electric scooter rental in Paris and Nice) and Klaxit (home-to-work carpool). We are testing 100% electric autonomous shuttles which, when integrated into existing networks, will enable us to answer the question of the last mile in the future.
In the early years of the 21st century, Florence reverted to the tram and appointed GEST, a subsidiary of RATP Dev, to commission the first line in 2010. Today, 3 lines transport 14 million passengers/year into and around the centre of one of the most visited cities in Europe. With its narrow streets, the Tuscan capital managed to redesign a model that was dependent on cars and scooters, and the daily traffic in the city has dropped by 9,300 cars, cutting CO2 emissions by the equivalent of 12,500 tons.
The 3 tramlines have eased car traffic in the city centre and have given mobility between the capital and the suburbs a real new lease of life.
A more attractive network and an increasing number of personalised and ecological solutions: the La Roche-sur-Yon Agglomération launched this transformation process with RATP Dev in 2010. The initiatives include trials with eTPMR, a 100% electric minibus to transport disabled people, which was developed by RATP Dev with Gruau, the European leader in the transformation of commercial vehicles.
We want to provide efficient mobility for all, which will promote the dynamism of our region, and which is also environmentally friendly.
